Health Equity & LGBTQ+ Older Adults of Color: Engaging Individuals, Communities, and Organizations

July 2023 | SAGE National Resource Center on LGBTQ+ Aging

Equidad en salud para los adultos mayores LGBTQ+ de color: Comprometiendo a individuous, comuidades y organizaciones

July 2023 | SAGE, National Resource Center on LGBTQ+ Aging

Facts on LGBTQ+ Aging

This recording provides a basic overview of facts associated with LGBTQ+ Aging.

July 2023 | SAGE National Resource Center on LGBTQ+ Aging

Hechos sobre el enveiecimiento en personas LGBTQ+

Esta grabación proporciona una descripción general de los hechos relacionados con el envejecimiento LGBTQ+.

July 2023

History of the LGBTQ+ Community

This recording explores the historical events related to that have shaped LGBTQ+ communities.

July 2023

Historia de la comunidad LGBTQ+

Esta grabación explora los eventos históricos relacionados que han dado forma a las comunidades LGBTQ+.

July 2023

Pride: Beyond the Rainbow Flag

June 2023 | Sherrill Wayland, SAGE

Just Us - A Q&A with Researcher and Filmmaker Carey Candrian

Just Us: The longing and hope of LGBTQ people

May 2023 | Carey Candrian, PhD

Q&A Response and Resources Coast to Coast LGBTQ+ Inclusive State Plans

Q&A Responses and Resources from recorded webinar, Coast to Coast: LGBTQ+ Inclusive State Plans.

April 2023

Coast to Coast and Everywhere In Between: LGBTQ+ Inclusive State Planning

April 2023

Q&A Responses From Planning to Action Webinar

This handout included Q&A responses and links to resources from the webinar, From Planning to Action: Highlights from LGBTQ+ Inclusive Area Agencies on Aging.

January 2023 | SAGE National Resource Center on LGBTQ+ Aging

LGBT Adults Aged 50 and Older In The US During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Using data from the U.S. Census Household Pulse Survey (HPS) collected July 21, 2021 to August 8, 2022, we explore the demographics, health, and economic experiences of older LGBT adults during the COVID-19 pandemic as compared with straight/cisgender older adults.

January 2023 | Williams Institute authored by, Lauren J.A. Bouton, Amanda M. Brush, Ilan H. Meyer

From Planning to Action: LGBTQ+ Inclusive Area Agencies on Aging

On January 17, SAGE and the National Resource Center on LGBTQ+ Aging hosted a virtual webinar featuring speakers from ACL and Area Agencies on Aging.

January 2023 | Hosted by SAGE National Resource Center on LGBTQ+ Aging

Making your State Plans on Aging LGBTQ+ and HIV+ Inclusive: Goals, Objectives, Strategies and Outcomes

This handout is a supplemental update to the resource guide Strengthen Your State and Local Aging Plan: A Practical Guide for Expanding the Inclusion of LGBT Older Adults, published by the National Resource Center on LGBT in 2017.

December 2022 | National Resource Center on LGBTQ+ Aging

Language Guidance When Serving LGBTQ+ Populations

The Center of Excellence on LGBTQ+ Behavioral Health Equity (CoE LGBTQ+ BHE) has created this language guidance related to sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression (SOGIE) as a resource for behavioral health practitioners to better understand the most recent language used in LGBTQ+ communities.

December 2022 | Center of Excellence LGBTQ+ Behavioral Health Equity

Supporting the Behavioral Health Workforce to Implement Best Practices for LGBTQ+ People

This tip sheet outlines actions leaders can take to support their workforce in being more welcoming and inclusive.

December 2022 | Center of Excellence LGBTQ+ Behavioral Health Equity

Key Informant Perspectives on Supporting Health and Well-Being for LGBTQ+ Rural Residents, Policy Brief September 2022

This policy brief presents findings from interviews with national LGBTQ+ support and advocacy organizations regarding challenges to physical and mental health and well-being for LGBTQ+ individuals in rural communities, as well as recommendations for improving the ability to meet the needs of LGBTQ+ individuals living in rural areas.

December 2022 | University of Minnesota Rural Health Research Center

Equity Assessment Checklist

This equity self-assessment aims to help agencies determine how effectively they are supporting communities of greatest social need. It also aims to aid in identifying areas of growth. To get started, mark the boxes next to the actions your agency or team is taking to be more inclusive to this range of service recipients.

July 2022 | Older Adults Equity Collaborative

Cómo usar pronombres de género

Esta hoja informativa describe la importancia de los pronombres de género y cómo preguntar sobre los pronombres que usa una persona.

July 2022 | SAGE National Resource Center on LGBTQ+ Aging

Envejecimiento rural para adultos mayores LGBTQ+

Esta hoja informativa explora el envejecimiento LGBTQ+ en las comunidades rurales, un segmento que a menudo se pasa por alto dentro de las comunidades LGBTQ+.

July 2022 | SAGE National Resource Center on LGBTQ+ Aging

Making your State Plan on Aging LGBTQ+ and HIV+ Inclusive: New Older Americans Act & ACL Guidelines

There is new OAA language and ACL guidance on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) and HIV+ inclusion in your State Plan. This fact sheet reviews the new guidance.

June 2022 | SAGE

Domestic and Sexual Violence Safety Planning for LGBTQI+ Survivors

This fact sheet provides resources on safety planning LGBTQ+ survivors of domestic and sexual violence.

June 2022 | New York State Office for the Prevention of Domestic Violence

Rural Aging for LGBTQ+ Older Adults

This fact sheet explores LGBTQ+ Aging in rural communities, an often-overlooked segment within LGBTQ+ communities.

April 2022 | National Resource Center on LGBTQ+ Aging

Common Terms & Definitions

This document provides a list of common terms and definitions used in relation to sexual orientation, gender identity, health, and relationships. Updated on 4/26/2022

April 2022 | SAGE and National Resource Center on LGBT Aging

COVID & Beyond: Aging and Disability Resources for Diverse Communities

We have seen the challenges of the COVID pandemic experienced by minority communities including the impact on physical and mental health, economic and food security and social supports. Panelists will introduce and discuss national programs and services that support diverse aging and disability communities during the ongoing pandemic and recovery.

April 2022 | SAGE National Resource Center on LGBTQ+ Aging and Older Adults' Equity Collaborative

Administration for Community Living: Guidance for Developing State Plans

The guidance within this memorandum reflects changes to the Older Americans Act (OAA) as codified through the Supporting Older Americans Act of 2020 (P.L. 116-131).

August 2021 | Administration for Community Living

HECHOS ACERCA EL ENVEJECIMIENTO DE PERSONAS LGBT

Una publicación de SAGE y el Centro Nacional de Recursos sobre el Envejecimiento LGBT.

May 2021 | SAGE and National Resource Center on LGBT Aging

Resources for Providers: Meeting the Needs of Diverse Family Caregivers Toolkit

Download the Diverse Elders Coalition’s Resources for Providers: Meeting the Needs of Diverse Family Caregivers Toolkit. This toolkit offers topline information on what providers need to know, and key pieces from our comprehensive training curriculum, Caring For Those Who Care: Meeting the Needs of Diverse Family Caregivers.* Whether you’ve already attended one or more of our trainings, or this is your first time looking into what’s available to help you support diverse family caregivers, we think you’ll find these resources to be invaluable in building a more welcoming, supportive practice.

March 2021 | Diverse Elders Coalition

Facts on LGBTQ+ Aging

What do we know about LGBTQ+ Aging? This fact sheet provides an overview of topics such as caregiving, cultural competency, discrimination, heatlh care, HIV/AIDS, housing, financial security, social isolation, and wellness.

March 2021 | SAGE and National Resource Center on LGBTQ+ Aging

2020 Pennsylvania LGBTQ Health Needs Assessment

Pennsylvanians ages 65 and older were participants in 64 counties that partipcated in the 2020 PA LGBTQ Health Needs Assessment.

February 2021 | Bradbury-Sullivan LGBT Community Center and Research & Evaluation Group at PHMC

LGBT Aging 2025: Strategies for Achieving a Healthy and Thriving LGBT Older Adult Community in Massachusetts

This guide is part of a visioning project in Massachusetts, seeking to answer the question: If we want to have a thriving, happy and healthy LGBT older adult community in Massachusetts in 2025, what changes in services, health care, and policy should we make now?

December 2020 | The Fenway Institute

Developing LGBT-inclusive Long-term Care Services and Supports

This article provides practical tips and resources for developing LGBT-inclusive long-term care services and supports.

June 2020 | Sherrill Wayland, SAGE

Serving Diverse Elders: Strategies for Meaningful Inclusion in Service Planning and Delivery

This guide will serve as a reference for how to provide culturally affirming and specific services that center diverse elders in every step of your planning process.

May 2020 | Asociación Nacional Pro Personas Mayores, National Asian Pacific Center on Aging, National Indian Council on Aging, The National Caucus and Center on Black Aging, SAGE National Resource Center on LGBT Aging

2020 Older Americans Month - Make Your Mark

SAGE and The National Resource Center on LGBT Aging celebrate 2020 Older Americans Month by spotlighting resources in support of LGBT Aging.

May 2020

Juego de roles: Cómo hacer preguntas sobre la orientación sexual y la identidad de género

Juego de roles: Cómo hacer preguntas sobre la orientación sexual y la identidad de género

April 2020

Diez consejos para incluir a las personas con discapacidades en la

Diez consejos para incluir a las personas con discapacidades en la

April 2020 | Christie Carter

Los servicios personalizados y las personas LGBT con discapacidades

Los servicios personalizados y las personas LGBT con discapacidades

April 2020 | Christie Carter

COVID-19 Resources from Aging Service Providers

SAGE's National Resource Center and Aging Service Providers Across the Country are rapidly preparing information and resources to assist LGBT older adults and caregivers in navigating the COVID-19 Pandemic. This page will be updated as new resources become available.

March 2020

Prepare for COVID-19: Tips and Resources for LGBT Elders and those living with HIV

Because LGBT elders and older people living with HIV are at higher risk for experiencing the COVID-19 virus more acutely, it is important to take steps to make emergency plans that can help reduce your risk of contracting the virus.

March 2020 | SAGE's National Resource Center on LGBT Aging

Person Directed Services and LGBT People with Disabilities

This fact sheet explores ways organizations can provide Person Directed Services in support of LGBT people with disabilities.

March 2020

10 Tips for Including People with Disabilities in the LGBT Community

Explore 10 tips for the inclusion of people with disabilities in LGBT community events and activities.

March 2020

San Francisco First in Nation to Fund Services for Transgender Older Adults and Adults with Disabilities

Press release from San Francisco Department of Disability and Aging Services announcing funding to start services for Transgender Older Adults and Adults with Disabilities.

February 2020 | San Francisco Department of Disability and Aging Services

National Resource Center on LGBT Aging: Celebrating 10 Years of Knowledge

SAGE's National Resource Center on LGBT Aging, estalished in 2010, celebrates 10 years of supporting LGBT older adult equity.

January 2020 | SAGE's National Resource Center on LGBT Aging

Senior Rainbow

Senior Rainbow Assistance Program’s mission to provide temporary assistance for LGBTQ seniors experiencing temporary hardships due to medical or financial concerns to ensure they can maintain their current living arrangements that safe, warm and healthy.

November 2019

An Ally's Guide to Terminology 2017 Edition

The guide provide an overview on the words we use to talk about lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people and issues.

November 2019 | MAP (Movement Advancement Project)

Building an Organizational Response to Health Disparities

This fact sheet provides resources on how to identify, prioritize, and take action on health disparities by championing the Disparities Action Statement in your organization.

November 2019 | CMS (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services)

Introducing the National Center on Advancing Person-Centered Practices and Systems

The National Center on Advancing Person-Centered Practices and Systems (NCAPPS) is a new initiative from the Administration for Community Living and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services that helps States, Tribes, and Territories implement person-centered thinking, planning, and practice in line with U.S. Department of Health and Human Services policy.

November 2019 | NCAPPS

Conscious Cultivation: A Model for Inclusive, Interactive Programming

As our society ages and diversifies, there emerges the necessity for specialized programs that cater to the needs of diverse populations within the aging community, particularly those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ).

November 2019 | Center on Halsted, Britta Larson, Nina Orlowski, Amanda Vevers, Todd Williams

SAGE's National LGBTQ+ Elder Hotline............... 877-360-LGBT

SAGE's National LGBTQ+ Elder Hotline is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. You can request to speak with someone in English or Spanish by calling 877-360-LGBT.

August 2019

Definiciones & Términos Comunes

Definiciones & Términos Comunes

July 2019 | National Resource Center on LGBT Aging

LGBTQ Inclusive Services Readiness Checklist: A Self-Assessment for Area Agencies on Aging

This self-assessment aims to help agencies determine how effectively they are supporting LGBTQ individuals and aid in identifying areas of growth. To get started, mark the boxes next to the actions your agency is taking to be more inclusive to the LGBTQ community.

July 2019 | Aging Ahead, St. Louis Area Agency on Aging, National Resource Center on LGBT Aging

Preguntas acerca de la orientación sexual y la identidad de género en los servicios para adultos mayores

Algunos estados están obligados por ley a solicitar esta información. En otros estados, algunas agencias toman muchas medidas para obtener tanta información como les sea posible sobre las comunidades a las que sirven.

July 2019 | SAGE National Resource Center on LGBT Aging Agradecemos especialmente a Yuisa Gimeno, del condado de Los Ángeles, Desarrollo de la Fuerza Laboral, Servicios para Adultos Mayores y Comunitarios (WDACS), Agencia Local para Adultos Mayores (AAA), por su ayuda en la elaboración de esta hoja informativa.

Tennessee LGBT+ Affirming Resources: a snapshot of TN affirming programs, services, providers & activities

See this resource guide for a listing of LGBT+ friendly programs and services in Tennessee.

May 2019 | Vicki Stanley, SAGECare Trainer

Affirming LGBT+ Resources: Especially for Maturing & Older Adults and the Supporting Advocate & Professional Communities

A SNAPSHOT GUIDE to Locating Health, Wellness, & Support Information and Resources Including a Professionals’ Toolkit

May 2019 | Vicki Stanley, SAGECare Trainer

Enhancing Health, Wealth, and Community for older LGBT adults

This article explores latest research and programs that support LGBT older people.

April 2019 | The Journal of Active Aging, article by Marilynn Larkin, MA

Maintaining Dignity: Understanding and Responding to the Challenges Facing Older LGBT Americans

An AARP Survey of LGBT adults age 45 plus

April 2019 | AARP Research

Questions About Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Aging Services

Why am I being asked about my sexual orientation, gender, and gender identity? Is this a question you are being asked during an intake with an older adult? If so then this fact sheet is for you.

March 2019 | National Resource Center on LGBT Aging

Training the Aging Network to Provide Culturally Competent Care for LGBTQ Older Adults

This brief explores the need for LGBT Cultural Competency training in health and aging services.

March 2019 | Center for Consumer Engagement in Health Innovation

Role Play: Asking Questions About Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

This handout provides Role Play scenarios to assist aging providers in asking and answering questions related to sexual orientation and gender identity during an intake or interview process.

November 2018

Boston ElderINFO LGBTQ Aging Resources

This booklet includes resources that provide programs, services and helpful information to the Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer (LGBTQ) aging community in and around Boston. Inclusion into this resource guide does not imply endorsement of an agency’s purpose, method, or quality of service. Consumers and caregivers are encouraged to evaluate and choose appropriate resources.

October 2018 | Boston ElderINFO

LGBT Older People Built the LGBT Community

LGBT Older People Built the LGBT Community provides steps LGBT organizations and professionals can take in support of LGBT older people.

September 2018 | National Center for Elder Abuse, SAGE, and FORGE

Paying it Back: Promoting Justice for LGBT Communities of All Ages

Paying it Back: Promoting Justice for LGBT Communities of All Ages provides information and steps to promote justice and prevent and address social isolation and LGBT specific elder abuse.

September 2018 | National Center on Elder Abuse, SAGE, and FORGE

Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Question Translations (English, Chinese, Spanish, Filipino, Vietnamese, & Russian)

This document provides examples of demographic questions regarding sexual orientation and gender identity in the following languages - English, Chinese, Spanish, Filipino, Vietnamese, & Russian.

July 2018 | Department of Aging and Adult Services, City and County of San Francisco, California

LGBT Affirming Intake: Sample Questions

Sample questions for LGBT inclusive intake forms.

June 2018 | National Resource Center on LGBT Aging and SAGECare

Admisión afirmativa para las personas LGBT: Ejemplos de preguntas

Admisión afirmativa para las personas LGBT: Ejemplos de preguntas (Spanish version of LGBT Affirming Intake Questions).

June 2018 | National Resource Center on LGBT Aging and SAGECare

Maintaining Dignity: Understanding & Responding to the Needs of Older LGBT Americans Infographic

New AARP national survey finds most LGBT adults want but don’t have access to LGBT-sensitive care and services.

March 2018 | AARP, Angela Houghton

Successful Outcomes of the LGBT Aging Policy Task Force

Four years ago, the San Francisco LGBT Aging Policy Task Force concluded its 18-month tenure by submitting its final report, LGBT Aging at the Golden Gate: San Francisco Policy Issues and Recommendations, to the Board of Supervisors.

March 2018 | by Dr. Marcy Adelman. This article originally appeared in the San Francisco Bay Times and is re-posted from the Diverse Elders Coalition.

Plan Your Way to Better Inclusion of LGBT Elders

Hear from Area Agencies on Aging who have been successful in including LGBT older adults in their programming. Topics covered include how planning has helped with LGBT outreach and services, as well as challenges and lessons learned. This webinar was hosted by n4a and SAGE's National Resource Center on LGBT Aging with guest speakers from the Administration on Community Living, ElderSource, and Multnomah County Aging, Disability & Veterans Services.

March 2018 | SAGE's National Resource Center on LGBT Aging

The Equality Act: Infographic

Infographic highlighting the importance of the Equality Act for LGBT older adults.

November 2017 | SAGE, National LGBTQ Task Force

Principles for Person-directed Services and Supports during Serious Illness

The Administration for Community Living (ACL) believe that every person has the right to make choices and to control their own decisions. This right is independent of age or disability or stage of illness. 

October 2017 | Administration for Community Living

Senior Centers & Outreach to LGBT Older Adults

This fact sheet provides strategies and resources for Senior Centers to as they increase outreach and services to LGBT older adults.

September 2017 | National Resource Center on LGBT Aging prepared by Sherrill Wayland

Caregiving and LGBT Concerns in Michigan: A Guide for Caregivers

This guide was created in 2016 and published in 2017 as a collaborative effort of the ACLU of Michigan, SAGE Metro Detroit and the three Area Agencies on Aging serving Southeastern Michigan: Detroit Area Agency on Aging, AAA1-B, and The Senior Alliance.

July 2017 | ACLU of Michigan, in collaboration with AAA1-B, Detroit Area Agency on Aging, SAGE Metro Detroit, and The Senior Alliance

LGBT-Inclusive Example Outreach Materials

Provided by SAGE Detroit and Southeast Michigan Area Agencies on Aging the Caregiver Flyer and Program Rack Card serve as models for LGBT-inclusive outreach.

July 2017 | Southeast Michigan Area Agencies on Aging and SAGE Detroit

Meals on Wheels Application Bergen County Division of Senior Services, Aging & Disability Resource Connection

This Meals on Wheels Application provided by Bergen County Division of Senior Services, Aging & Disability Resource Connection serves as an example of an application that has LGBT inclusive relationship, sexual orientation and gender identity data and demographic questions.

July 2017 | Bergen County Division of Senior Services, Aging & Disability Resource Connection

Senior Center Meal Registration Form

This Registration Form provided by Bergen County Division of Senior Services, Aging & Disability Resource Connection serves as an example of a client registration form with LGBT inclusive sexual orientation and gender identity questions.

July 2017 | Bergen County Division of Senior Services, Aging & Disability Resource Connection

LGBT Needs Assessment Survey City of Los Angeles Department of Aging 2016-2020 Area Plan

This LGBT Needs Assessment Survey provided by the City Los Angeles, Department of Aging serves as a model for assessing the LGBT community as part of preparing area plans.

July 2017 | City of Los Angeles, Department of Aging

COMPASS – Comprehensive Assessment for Aging Network Community-Based Long Term Care Services - New State Office for the Aging

Provided by the New York State Office for the Aging (NYSOFA), the COMPASS is the primary screening tool for NYSOFA and assists in the development of person-centered plans. This tool serves as a model with LGBT inclusive relationship, sexual orientation and gender identity questions.

July 2017 | New York State Office for the Aging

Area Agency on Aging Community Assessment Survey (English and Spanish Versions)

This community assessment survey, provided by the Pima County Area Agency on Aging - is used for creating the area plan. The survey is an example of using LGBT affirming sexual orientation and gender identity questions in the demographics section. This survey is provided in English and Spanish languages.

July 2017 | Pima County Area Agency on Aging

LGBT Aging at the Golden Gate: San Francisco Policy Issues & Recommendations (2014)

This report, from 2014, serves as a model for working with LGBT communities to determine needs and recommendations for serving LGBT older adults. The San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Aging Policy Task Force and this final Report are products of a community effort to raise the profile of issues affecting LGBT seniors in San Francisco. The Task Force was established at the urging of LGBT community members following a community-led process that started in the San Francisco’s Human Rights Commission’s LGBT Advisory Committee.

July 2017 | San Francisco LGBT Aging Policy Task Force

Invitation Letter for LGBT Key Stakeholder Planning Meeting

This letter provided by ElderSource in Jacksonville, FL is provided as a sample for inviting LGBT stakeholders to a meeting as a first step in forming an LGBT task force, committee or working group.

July 2017 | ElderSource

Special Legislative Commission on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Aging: Report to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts

This 2015 report serves as a model for a how a State worked with LGBT stakeholders through an LGBT Aging Commission resulting in recommendations for LGBT older adult data collection, needs assessments, cultural competency training and evaluation, outreach and access, service delivery, complaint resolution and legislation.

July 2017 | Massachusetts LGBT Aging Commission

Strengthen Your State and Local Aging Plan: A Practical Guide for Expanding the Inclusion of LGBT Older Adults

This guide assists State and Local aging networks and organizations with developing and enhancing LGBT-inclusive plans and services.

July 2017 | National Resource Center on LGBT Aging

Understanding Issues Facing LGBT Older Adults

This report seeks to increase understanding of the unique needs and experiences of LGBT older adults.

June 2017 | Movement Advancement Project (MAP) and SAGE

Southeast Michigan Report on Increasing LGBT Cultural Competency of Area Agencies on Aging 2014-1015

Report from Southeast Michigan – Detroit Area Agency on Aging (1-A), Area Agency on Aging 1-B, The Senior Alliance (1-C), and the LGBT Older Adult Coalition.

April 2017 | Detroit Area Agency on Aging (1-A), Area Agency on Aging 1-B, The Senior Alliance (1-C), and the LGBT Older Adult Coalition

Aging Network Planning Tools: LGBT Older Adult Community Assessments & Reports

Designed to provide the Aging Network and LGBT organizations updated links to LGBT Community Assessments and Reports that can help with planning LGBT inclusive services.

March 2017 | SAGE

Fact Sheet: National Consortium on Aging Resources for Seniors' Equity

Funded by the Administration on Community Living (ACL), the National Consortium on Aging Resources for Seniors' Equity works to decrease the prevalence of disparities among racial, ethnic minority and LGBT older adults, their families and caregivers, by providing technical assistance to the Aging Network.

March 2017 | Consortium Members

Infographic: LGBT Elders Send Powerful Message to Federal Administration for Community Living

Infographic describing how LGBT older adult and ally community members and organizations advocated for LGBT inclusive aging services.

October 2016 | SAGE

Advancing Effective Communication, Cultural Competence, and Patient-and-Family-Centered Care for the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Community

This guide, published by The Joint Commission, contains a compilation of strategies, practice examples, resources, and testimonials designed to assist hospital staff in improving quality of care by enhancing their efforts to provide care that is more welcoming, safe, and inclusive of LGBT patients and families.

October 2011 | The Joint Commission

Safe Spaces? The Need for LGBT Cultural Competency in Aging Services

This article describes the need for aging services that are LGBT culturally competent and formation of the National Resource Center on LGBT Aging.

May 2011 | Hilary Meyer, SAGE